The S&P 500 index comprises about 500 of America's largest publicly traded companies and is considered the benchmark measure for annual returns.
How to calculate stock returns
ROI is calculated by subtracting the initial value of the investment from the final value of the investment (which equals the net return), then dividing this new number (the net return) by the cost of the investment, and, finally, multiplying it by 100
What is a realistic rate of return from a balanced portfolio?
How to achieve a 20% return
Stock market returns and risks
How inflation affects stock returns
When inflation increases, purchasing power declines, and each dollar can buy fewer goods and services.
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